Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts files on a victim's computer or network using a strong encryption algorithm, such as RSA or AES. The encryption key used to encrypt the files is typically unique to each victim and is not stored on the victim's device, making it extremely difficult to decrypt the files without the decryption key.

Once the files have been encrypted, the ransomware will display a ransom note on the victim's computer or network, typically in the form of a pop-up window or a text file that instructs the victim on how to pay the ransom and receive the decryption key.

Ransomware is often spread through phishing emails, malicious links, or exploit kits that take advantage of vulnerabilities in software. Once the malware is executed, it will typically search for specific types of files to encrypt, such as documents, images etc.

There are several types of ransomware, each using a different method of distribution, encryption and decryption. Some examples include:

• Encrypting Ransomware: It encrypts files, making them inaccessible until an amount is paid.
• Locker Ransomware: It prevents the user from accessing their computer or network by locking the screen or boot process, and demands a ransom to restore access.

RSA and AES are both encryption algorithms that are commonly used in ransomware.

RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman) is a public-key encryption algorithm that is widely used in electronic commerce and other secure communications. AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is a symmetric-key encryption algorithm that is widely used to encrypt sensitive information, such as credit card numbers and personal data. AES uses a single key to both encrypt and decrypt data, making it faster and more efficient than RSA.

There are a few common ways that ransomware can infect a computer or network:

1. Phishing: Attackers will send an email that appears to be from a legitimate source, such as a bank or a company, and contains a malicious link or attachment. If the recipient clicks on the link or opens the attachment, the malware is downloaded and installed on their computer.
2. Malicious websites: Visiting a malicious website can also lead to a ransomware infection. Attackers will often create a website that looks legitimate and uses social engineering techniques to trick users into downloading the malware.

Steps to prevent ransomware:

1. Use endpoint security solutions: Endpoint security solutions such as Endpoint Protection Platform (EPP) and Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) can provide proactive protection against known and unknown threats, including ransomware.
2. Use network segmentation: Network segmentation can help to limit the spread of malware by isolating infected systems and preventing them from communicating with other systems on the network.
3. Use Application whitelisting: Application whitelisting can prevent unknown and untrusted applications from running on endpoints by only allowing known and trusted applications to execute.
4. Use web filtering: Web filtering can help to block access to known malicious websites and prevent users from accidentally visiting a website that may contain malware.